Thyroid gland dysfunction can lead to problems such as goiter, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism and impact our overall well-being. Thyroid disorders have been on the rise and are becoming a health concern worldwide.
The thyroid is one of the most vital glands that helps regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions. For women, thyroid health is particularly significant as thyroid dysfunction can impact various aspects of their lives, from fertility to mental health.
Recognizing the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction early on can help in seeking timely medical intervention and managing the condition effectively.
However, goitre is more of a structural problem in the thyroid gland, which leads to enlargement. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are caused by reduced levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) and increased levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), respectively.
Thyroid dysfunction can affect both genders; women tend to present more often to the doctor. This is mainly because women tend to have more problems like menstrual problems, infertility issues, PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), and pregnancy-related thyroid disturbance. This is compounded by the fact that autoimmune thyroid issues are more common in women compared to men.
The following are certain effects that thyroid dysfunction may have on women:
Puberty: Undiagnosed hypothyroidism in young adults can lead to early menarche (periods) and short stature.
Infertility: Hypothyroidism can lead to delays in conceiving a child and having a family. However, treatment with thyroxine can help these couples conceive under the proper guidance of a doctor.
Menstrual Irregularities: Hypothyroidism is known to cause irregular menstrual cycles, sometimes increasing bleeding and leading to anemia (low hemoglobin). Recognition of hypothyroidism and treatment improves the condition. Sometimes, women presenting with PCOS may also have hypothyroidism as an underlying cause, which needs to be recognized at the right time for better outcomes. Hyperthyroidism can also lead to irregular cycles, which improves with thyroid treatment.
Pregnancy
a) Hypothyroidism – Patients with mild hypothyroidism who do not receive treatment otherwise need thyroxine supplementation during pregnancy. This is because the growing fetus (baby) is dependent on the mother’s thyroid hormones in the initial part of the pregnancy. Thyroid supplementation during pregnancy has shown better outcomes.
b) Hyperthyroidism – It is not so uncommon to see pregnant women with low TSH during the 1st three months of pregnancy. This is mainly due to increased HCG levels during pregnancy. It is usually self-resolving, but some of the patients may have underlying hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease- which needs accurate diagnosis and treatment.
c) Goitre – Pregnancy may be complicated by goiter due to increased demand or tumors, which need proper evaluation and management. Patients who need thyroid surgery are usually operated on during mid-pregnancy.
Who is Most Affected by Thyroid Issues?
Mildly elevated TSH is commonly seen in the elderly population. Not everyone needs thyroxine supplements. The decision has to be taken based on the underlying etiology and severity of hypothyroidism.
Cure for Thyroid Dysfunction
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Cruciferous vegetables like leafy greens or broccoli may interfere with iodine absorption, but usual consumption levels are generally safe.
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Avoid taking iron tablets immediately after thyroxine for optimal absorption.
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Thyroxine hormone production relies on sufficient iodine intake. Use iodized salt to ensure proper iodine levels; pink/Himalayan salt lacks iodine. Iodized salt prevents disorders like endemic goiter and intellectual disabilities. Adequate iodized salt contains > 15 ppm iodine.
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Regular exercise and weight management are crucial, especially for obese individuals with higher thyroxine requirements.
FAQ on Thyroid Dysfunction
How does a thyroid problem affect your health?
Thyroid disorders can impact the metabolism of our body, bone health, and heartbeat and cause mood fluctuation.
How does hypothyroidism affect daily life?
Hypothyroidism may lead to weight gain and cause tiredness and fatigue in a person.
Can you live a normal life with an underactive thyroid?
With proper and timely treatment, one can lead a normal life with underactive thyroid.
How do thyroid problems start?
Thyroid disorders may occur due to multiple factors like the existence of autoimmune disease, genetic factors, any infection, and an inactive lifestyle.
