Vitamin B12 deficiency is a widespread health issue with potentially severe effects, but it is often overlooked. Despite a small daily requirement, inadequate B12 levels can lead to significant health issues.
Why is B12 deficiency dangerous?
B12 is essential for proper blood cell function, nerve health, and other critical bodily processes, found mainly in animal food sources. One primary symptom of B12 deficiency is fatigue – a level of tiredness or exhaustion so deep that it affects daily life activities. Other symptoms may include neurological issues such as tingling in body parts, confusion, memory loss, depression, and difficulty maintaining balance.
If not addressed, these symptoms can become permanent. Healthcare providers might overlook B12 deficiency because many other conditions can cause similar symptoms. A healthy diet might also give a false sense of security regarding nutrient deficiencies.
Inadequate consumption of foods fortified with vitamin B12 or insufficient amounts of naturally occurring vitamin B12 can result in vitamin B12 insufficiency.
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Gastritis: A major cause of vitamin B12 deficiency, gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining. Because hydrochloric acid is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12, it can result in a shortage of vitamin B12.
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Digestive disorders: Conditions that impact the digestive tract, such as celiac disease and Crohn’s disease, might hinder your body’s ability to absorb vitamin B12.
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Hereditary reasons: An uncommon hereditary condition called transcobalamin II deficiency affects how well the body transports vitamin B12, or cobalamin.
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Alcohol use disorder: This illness can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and harm to your digestive system.
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Pernicious anemia: Individuals with this rare condition are unable to produce the stomach protein known as intrinsic factor. Our body needs intrinsic factor in order to absorb vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia patients are generally deficient in the vitamin B12.
Symptoms of B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be identified through various symptoms, some of which can be severe if left untreated. Some of the common symptoms may include:
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Some individuals may experience depression, irritability, or other mood changes due to low Vitamin B12 levels.
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A lack of Vitamin B12 can cause nerve damage, causing tingling sensations in the hands and feet.
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Nerve damage can also affect coordination and balance, making it challenging to walk.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to confusion, slower thinking, forgetfulness, and memory loss.
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B12 deficiency can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision disturbances.
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Symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and glossitis (a condition characterized by a smooth, red tongue) are also associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency
Early diagnosis and treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency are crucial to preventing long-term damage. Doctors typically diagnose the condition through blood tests that measure Vitamin B12 levels.
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Dietary changes: The first line of treatment often involves increasing the intake of Vitamin B12-rich foods. This includes animal products like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. For vegetarians and vegans, fortified foods such as plant-based milk or breakfast cereals can be good sources of Vitamin B12.
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Vitamin B12 supplements: Oral supplements or injections can help replenish Vitamin B12 levels, especially in cases where diet alone is insufficient or when absorption issues are present. Individuals at risk of deficiency, including older adults and those with gastrointestinal issues, take Vitamin B12 supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
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Treating underlying conditions: If the deficiency is due to an underlying condition such as pernicious anaemia or Crohn’s disease, treating the condition is essential for managing Vitamin B12 levels. This may involve specific medications or therapies designed to improve absorption or reduce inflammation.
Anyone experiencing symptoms and having risk factors should seek a doctor’s evaluation. Proper blood tests and physician consultations are necessary to confirm or rule out B12 deficiency.
Disclaimer: This article is meant for informational purposes only and must not be considered a substitute for professional advice.
