Glioblastoma is an aggressive, fast-growing malignant brain tumor that originates from cell that supports nerve cells. The tumour, which occurs when the supportive cells in the brain grow and divide uncontrollably, is extremely fatal, and most patients survive only for 14 to 16 months post-diagnosis.
It is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by nonspecific symptoms like nausea, seizures, worsening headaches, and changes in mood or personality. While the exact cause of glioblastomas is unknown, they are classified as Grade IV tumors and are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, although the prognosis remains poor.
Risk Factors for Glioblastoma
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While the disease primarily affects adults between 45 and 70 years old, the average age of diagnosis is 64.
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Some genetic disorders, such as Turcot syndrome and Lynch syndrome.
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Exposure to ionising radiation as a part of radiation therapy for other cancers may also increase the risk of glioblastoma.
Symptoms of Glioblastoma
The symptoms of the cancer can differ on the basis of the tumour’s location in the skull. Symptoms can be nonspecific and vary depending on the tumor’s size and location, but often include:
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Headaches that worsen over time
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Seizures, Nausea, and Vomiting
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Blurred or double vision
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Difficulty with speech, balance, or coordination
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Changes in mental function, mood, or personality
Diagnosis of Glioblastoma
The existence of a tumour can be identified with a CT scan or MRI, with the diagnosis being confirmed with a tissue biopsy. Several factors influence the lifespan of a person with glioblastoma. Including their overall health, neurological function at diagnosis, age, and how well they respond to treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Factors that can be Controlled
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Glioblastoma cannot be prevented, but certain factors that may increase the risk of this disease can be controlled, such as:
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Minimize or avoid unnecessary radiation therapy to the head, as this is a known risk factor for brain tumors.
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Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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Consume a plant-based diet rich in fruits and flavonoids, found in citrus fruits and dark yellow vegetables.
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Limit processed and sugary foods, as they may contribute to inflammation and other health issues.
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Consider genetic counselling and testing if brain tumors run in your biological family. Discuss the risks and benefits of genetic testing with a healthcare provider or genetic counsellor.
Treatment of Glioblastoma
Tumours that start elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain tend to form masses that are more defined than glioblastoma and thus can be easily removed surgically. These are called metastatic brain tumours.
Glioblastoma’s diffuse growth pattern, genetic complexity, and resistance to standard treatments make it one of the most challenging brain tumours to treat.
Complete removal is usually not achievable due to the tumour’s infiltrative nature.
After radiation therapy, surgery is followed to remove the residual tumour cells and delay progression, and chemotherapy is administered to enhance the effectiveness of radiation.
The Bottomline
Glioblastoma is an aggressive, fast-growing malignant brain tumor. However, certain lifestyle changes can help an individual reduce the risk of this condition.
Disclaimer: This article is meant for informational purposes only and must not be considered a substitute for professional advice.
